Side Man Body Drawing Muscle

List of skeletal muscles of the homo anatomy.

This is a table of skeletal muscles of the human beefcake.

There are around 650 skeletal muscles within the typical human being body.^{[1] [2] [iii]} About every muscle constitutes one role of a pair of identical bilateral muscles, found on both sides, resulting in approximately 320 pairs of muscles, as presented in this article. Nevertheless, the exact number is difficult to define. Dissimilar sources group muscles differently, regarding what is defined as different parts of a single muscle or equally several muscles. At that place are also vestigial muscles that are present in some people only absent in others, such equally palmaris longus muscle.^{[four] [v]}

The muscles of the human body can exist categorized into a number of groups which include muscles relating to the head and neck, muscles of the torso or trunk, muscles of the upper limbs, and muscles of the lower limbs.

The activeness refers to the action of each musculus from the standard anatomical position. In other positions, other deportment may be performed.

These muscles are described using anatomical terminology. The term "musculus" is omitted from muscle names (except when a musculus is an origin or insertion), and the term "bone" is omitted from bone names. The terms "artery" and "nerve" are both used when these structures are mentioned.

Head [edit]

Forehead/eyelid [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Adversary
occipitofrontalis	two occipital bellies and 2 frontal bellies	epicranial aponeurosis		facial nervus [CNVII]	raises eyebrows
occipitalis	superior nuchal line of occipital bone, mastoid office of temporal bone		occipital avenue	posterior auricular nerve (facial nervus [CNVII])	retracts scalp
frontalis	peel of eyebrow and glabella		ophthalmic artery	temporal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	wrinkles eyebrow
orbicularis oculi	orbital part: frontal bone palpebral part: medial palpebral ligament lacrimal part: posterior crest of lacrimal os	orbital part: lateral palpebral raphe palpebral role: lateral palpebral raphe lacrimal part: Edges of eyelids	ophthalmic artery, zygomatico-orbital artery, athwart artery	zygomatic co-operative of facial nervus [CNVII]	closes eyelids	levator palpebrae superioris
corrugator supercilii	nasal part of frontal os	intermediate 3rd of skin of eyebrow	ophthalmic artery	zygomatic branch of facial nervus [CNVII]	moves skin of brow medially and inferiorly (towards root of nose)
depressor supercilii	nasal office of frontal os, medial rim of orbit	medial third of skin of eyebrow			moves skin of eyebrows inferiorly

[edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
levator palpebrae superioris	sphenoid bone	tarsal plate, upper eyelid	ophthalmic artery	oculomotor nerve [CNIII]	retracts and elevates eyelid	orbicularis oculi
superior tarsal	underside of levator palpebrae superioris	superior tarsal plate of eyelid		sympathetic nervous system	raises upper eyelid
Rectus muscles
superior	annulus of Zinn at orbital noon	7.5 mm superior to corneal limbus	ophthalmic avenue	superior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]	elevates, adducts, and medially rotates eye
inferior		half dozen.5 mm inferior to corneal limbus		junior branch of oculomotor nervus [CNIII]	depresses and adducts eye
medial		5.v mm medial to corneal limbus		inferior branch of oculomotor nerve [CNIII]	adducts eye
lateral		seven mm temporal to corneal limbus		abducens nerve [CNVI]	abducts heart
Oblique muscles
superior	annulus of Zinn at orbital apex, medial to optic culvert	outer posterior quadrant of eyeball	lateral muscular co-operative of ophthalmic artery	trochlear nerve [CNIV]	intorts, abducts, and depress heart
inferior	orbital surface of maxilla, lateral to lacrimal groove	laterally onto eyeball, deep to lateral rectus, by a short apartment tendon		oculomotor nervus [CNIII]	extorts, elevates, and abducts centre

Ear [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
temporoparietalis	auriculares muscles	epicranial aponeurosis		facial nerve [CNVII]
Auriculares
auricularis anterior	temporal fascia	front of helix of ear	posterior auricular artery	facial nerve [CNVII]	pulls auricle forwards
auricularis superior	epicranial aponeurosis	dorsocranial surface of auricle			pulls auricle upwards
auricularis posterior	mastoid process of temporal os, tendon of sternocleidomastoid	dorsal part of auricle			pulls auricle backwards
Muscles of inner ear
stapedius	tip of pyramid of heart ear	cervix of stapes	stapedial co-operative of posterior auricular artery	facial nerve [CNVII]	reduces movement of stapes, controls amplitude of sound waves to inner ear
tensor tympani	Eustachian tube	handle of malleus	superior tympanic artery	medial pterygoid nervus from mandibular nerve [CNV3]	tenses tympanic membrane, controls aamplitude of sound waves to inner ear

Olfactory organ [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
procerus muscle	fascia over lower part of nasal os	skin of lower part of forehead between eyebrows	facial artery	buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	draws downward medial angle of eyebrow (giving expressions of frowning)
depressor septi nasi	incisive fossa of maxilla	nasal septum and back part of alar part of nasalis	superior labial artery		depresses nasal septum
levator labii superioris alaeque nasi	frontal procedure of maxilla	nostril and upper lip	superior labial artery		dilates nostril, elevates upper lip, elevates wing of nose
nasalis
transverse role (compressor naris)	alveolar yoke of canine tooth	lateral nasal cartilage	superior labial avenue	buccal co-operative of facial nerve [CNVII]	compresses nostrils
alar role (dilator naris)	alveolar yoke of lateral incisor tooth, greater and bottom alar cartilages	skin most margin of nostril			dilates nostrils

Oral cavity [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
levator anguli oris (caninus)	maxilla	modiolus of oral cavity	facial artery	facial nervus [CNVII]	elevates angle of mouth (smiling)
depressor anguli oris (triangularis)	tubercle of mandible			mandibular branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	depresses angle of oral fissure (frown)
levator labii superioris	medial part of infra-orbital margin of maxilla	skin and musculus of upper lip (labii superioris)	superior labial artery	buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	elevates upper lip
depressor labii inferioris	oblique line of mandible, betwixt symphysis and mental foramen	integument of lower lip, orbicularis oris fibers, its young man of opposite side	inferior labial avenue	mandibular branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	depresses lower lip
mentalis	alveolar yoke of lower, lateral incisor tooth, found on anterior mandible	peel of chin			elevates and wrinkles skin of chin, protrudes lower lip
buccinator	alveolar processes of maxilla and mandible, pterygomandibular raphe	fibres of orbicularis oris	buccal avenue	buccal co-operative of facial nerve [CNVII]	compress cheeks against teeth (blowing), mastication
orbicularis oris	maxilla and mandible	peel effectually lips	superior labial artery, inferior labial avenue		puckers lips
risorius	parotid fascia	modiolus of rima oris	facial artery		draw dorsum angle of rima oris
Zygomatic muscles
major	zygomatic os in region of zygomaticomaxillary suture	modiolus of mouth	facial artery	buccal branch of facial nerve [CNVII]	draws angle of mouth upwards and laterally
small		skin of upper lip			elevates upper lip

Mastication [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Action	Adversary
masseter	anterior 2-thirds of inferior margin of zygomatic arch and maxilla	angle of mandible, masseteric tuberosity of mandible	masseteric artery	masseteric nerve from mandibular nervus [CNV3]	elevates and retracts mandible (closes of oral cavity)	platysma
temporalis	temporal lines on parietal os of skull	coronoid process of mandible	deep temporal arteries	deep temporal nerves from mandibular nervus [CNV3]
Pterygoid muscles
lateral	greater wing of sphenoid and lateral pterygoid process	condyloid process of mandible	pterygoid branches of maxillary avenue	external pterygoid nerve from mandibular nerve [CNVthree]	depresses mandible
medial	deep head : medial side of lateral pterygoid plate behind upper teeth superficial head : pyramidal process of palatine bone and maxillary tuberosity	medial angle of mandible		medial pterygoid nervus from mandibular nerve [CNV3]	elevates mandible, closes jaw, helps lateral pterygoid in moving jaw from side to side

Tongue [edit]

Extrinsic musculus [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nervus	Activity	Antagonist
genioglossus	superior part of mental spine of mandible (symphysis menti)	dorsum of natural language, torso of hyoid	lingual avenue	hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]	inferior fibers: protrudes natural language middle fibers: depresses tongue superior fibers: draws tip of tongue dorsum and down
hyoglossus	hyoid	side of tongue			depresses tongue
chondroglossus	bottom cornu and trunk of hyoid os	intrinsic muscular fibers of tongue			depresses tongue (some consider this muscle to be part of hyoglossus)
styloglossus	styloid process of temporal bone	tongue	sublingual co-operative of lingual artery		elevates and retracts tongue	junior and middle fibers of genioglossus
palatoglossus	palatine aponeurosis			vagus nerve [CNX], accompaniment nerve [CNXI]	raising back role of tongue

Intrinsic [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
superior longitudinal	close to epiglottis, from median gristly septum	edges of tongue		hypoglossal nerve [CNXII]	shortens tongue, turns tip upwardly, turns lateral margins upward
transversus	median fibrous septum	sides of tongue			narrows natural language with no elongation
junior longitudinal	root of natural language	apex of tongue			shortens tongue, retracts, pulls tip downward
verticalis	dorsum of tongue	inferior surface borders of tongue

Soft palate [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
tensor veli palatini	medial pterygoid plate of sphenoid os	palatine aponeurosis		medial pterygoid nerve from mandibular nervus [CNV3]	tenses soft palate, aids in swallowing
levator veli palatini	temporal bone, Eustachian tube		facial artery	pharyngeal plexus of vagus nerve [CNX]	elevates soft palate
palatoglossus	palatine aponeurosis	tongue			aids in breathing by raising back function of tongue
palatopharyngeus	palatine aponeurosis and hard palate	upper border of thyroid cartilage (blends with constrictor fibers)	facial artery	pharyngeal branch of vagus nervus [CNX]	aids in breathing by pulling pharynx and larynx
palatine uvula	hard palate	soft tissue of uvula			moves and changes shape of uvula

Pharynx [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Adversary
stylopharyngeus	styloid process of temporal bone	thyroid cartilage (throat)	pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal avenue	glossopharyngeal nerve [CNIX]	elevates larynx, elevates throat, swallowing
salpingopharyngeus	cartilage of Eustachian tube	posterior fasciculus of pharyngopalatinus		vagus nervus [CNX], accompaniment nerve [CNXI]	raises nasopharynx
Pharyngeal muscles
inferior	cricoid cartilage, thyroid cartilage	pharyngeal raphe	pharyngeal branches of ascending pharyngeal artery	external laryngeal co-operative of superior laryngeal nerve from vagus nervus [CNX]	swallowing
middle	hyoid bone			pharyngeal plexus of vagus nervus [CNX]
superior	medial pterygoid plate, pterygomandibular raphé, alveolar process	pharyngeal raphe, pharyngeal tubercle

Larynx [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
cricothyroid	anterior and lateral cricoid cartilage	inferior cornu and lamina of thyroid cartilage	cricothyroid branch of superior thyroid artery	external laryngeal branch of superior laryngeal nervus from vagus nerve [CNX]	tenses and elongates vocal folds (has minor adductory effect)
arytenoid(transverse and oblique)	arytenoid cartilage on ane side	arytenoid cartilage on opposite side	superior laryngeal branch of superior thyroid avenue	recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]	approximates arytenoid cartilages (closes rima glottidis)
thyroarytenoid	inner (inductive) surface of thyroid cartilage	anterior surface of arytenoid cartilage			thickens and decreases length of vocal folds, adducts during speech
Cricoarytenoid muscles
posterior	posterior function of cricoid cartilage	muscular process of arytenoid cartilage		recurrent laryngeal nerve from vagus nerve [CNX]	abducts and laterally rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments away from midline and forwards and and then opening rima glottidis	lateral cricoarytenoid
lateral	lateral part of curvation of cricoid cartilage				adducts and medially rotates cartilage, pulling vocal ligaments towards midline and backwards and and so closing rima glottidis	posterior cricoarytenoid

Neck [edit]

Clavicular [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
platysma	base of mandible	inferior clavicle and fascia of breast	branches of submental artery, branches of suprascapular artery	cervical co-operative of facial nerve [CNVII]	tenses skin of neck	masseter, temporalis
sternocleidomastoid	sternal head : manubrium sterni clavicular head : medial portion of clavicle	mastoid process of temporal os, superior nuchal line	occipital artery, superior thyroid avenue	motor: accessory nerve sensory: cervical plexus	acting alone: tilts head to its own side, rotates head and so face is turned towards reverse side acting together: flexes neck, raises sternum, assists in forced inspiration ||

Suprahyoid [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nervus	Action	Adversary
digastric	anterior belly: digastric fossa (mandible) posterior belly : mastoid procedure of temporal bone	intermediate tendon (bottom horn of hyoid bone)	anterior belly: submental co-operative of facial artery posterior belly: occipital artery	inductive belly: mandibular nerve [CNV3] via mylohyoid nerve posterior belly: facial nerve [CNVII]	opens jaw when masseter and temporalis are relaxed
stylohyoid	styloid process of temporal bone	greater horn of hyoid bone	occipital artery	facial nervus [CNVII]	elevates hyoid during swallowing
mylohyoid	mylohyoid line of mandible	pharyngeal raphe	mylohyoid branch of inferior alveolar artery	mylohyoid nervus, from inferior alveolar co-operative of mandibular nerve [CNV3]	raises oral cavity flooring, elevates hyoid, depresses mandible
geniohyoid	mandibular symphysis	anterior surface of body of hyoid os		C1 via hypoglossal nerve	elevates hyoid and tongue upward during deglutition

Infrahyoid [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
sternohyoid	manubrium of sternum	hyoid os	superior thyroid avenue	ansa cervicalis	depresses hyoid
sternothyroid		thyroid cartilage			depresses larynx, may slightly depress hyoid
thyrohyoid	thyroid cartilage	hyoid bone		C1	depress hyoid
omohyoid	upper border of scapula		junior thyroid avenue	ansa cervicalis	depresses larynx, depresses and moves to side hyoid

Cervix [edit]

Inductive [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
longus colli	transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6	inductive arch of atlas		C2, C3, C4, C5, C6	flexes neck and head
longus capitis	anterior tubercles of transverse processes of vertebrae C3, C4, C5, and C6	basilar function of occipital os		C1, C2, C3/C4	flexes neck at atlanto-occipital articulation
rectus capitis anterior	atlas	occipital os		C1
rectus capitis lateralis	upper surface of transverse procedure of atlas	nether surface of jugular process of occipital bone			sidebens at atlanto-occipital joint

Lateral [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
scalene	cervical vertebrae	first and second ribs	ascending cervical artery (branch of inferior thyroid artery)	cervical nerves (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7)	elevates 1st and 2nd rib
inductive	C3-C6	first rib		ventral ramus of C5, C6	when neck is fixed, elevates first rib to aid in animate or when rib is fixed, bends cervix forward and sideways and rotates it to opposite side
medius	C2-C6			ventral rami of third to eighth cervical spinal nerves	elevates 1st rib, rotate cervix to reverse side
posterior	transverse processes of C4 – C6	second rib	ascending cervical artery, superficial cervical avenue	C6, C7, C8	elevates 2nd rib, tilts cervix to same side
levator scapulae	posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4	superior part of medial border of scapula	dorsal scapular artery	cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)	elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly past rotating scapula	serratus anterior
rectus capitis lateralis	upper surface of transverse procedure of atlas (C1)	under surface of jugular process of occipital os		C1
obliquus capitis superior	lateral mass of atlas	lateral half of inferior nuchal line		suboccipital nerve
obliquus capitis inferior	barbed process of axis	lateral mass of atlas		suboccipital nervus

Posterior [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Adversary
rectus capitis posterior minor	tubercle on posterior curvation of atlas (C1)	medial office of inferior nuchal line of occipital bone and surface between it and foramen magnum		a branch of dorsal master division of suboccipital nerve	extends caput at neck, but is now considered to exist more than of a sensory organ than a muscle
rectus capitis posterior major	barbed process of axis (C2)	inferior nucheal line of occipital bone		dorsal ramus of C1 (suboccipital nerve)
semispinalis capitis	articular processes of C4-C6; transverse processes of C7 and T1-T7	occipital bone between superior and junior nuchal lines		greater occipital nervus	extends head
longissimus capitis	articular processes of C4-C7; transverse processes of T1-T5	posterior margin of mastoid process	lateral sacral artery	posterior branch of spinal nerve	laterally: Flexes caput and neck to same side. bilaterally: Extend vertebral column ||
splenius capitis	ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T6	mastoid process		C3, C4	extends, rotates, and laterally flex head
obliquus capitis superior	lateral mass of atlas	lateral half of inferior nuchal line		suboccipital nerve
obliquus capitis junior	spinous process of centrality	lateral mass of atlas

Torso [edit]

Dorsum [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Adversary
erector spinae	spines of last four thoracic vertebrae	both spines of nearly cranial thoracic vertebrae and cervical vertebrae	lateral sacral artery	posterior branch of spinal nerve	extends vertebral column	rectus abdominis
iliocostalis
longissimus	transverse process	transverse process
spinalis	spinous process	spinous process
latissimus dorsi	spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior three or iv ribs	floor of intertubercular groove of humerus	subscapular avenue, dorsal scapular artery	thoracodorsal nerve	pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally	deltoid, trapezius
transversospinales	transverse process	spinous process		posterior branches of spinal nerve
semispinalis thoracis (dorsi)	transverse processes of sixth to tenth thoracic vertebrae	spinous processes of upper iv thoracic vertebrae and lower two cervical vertebrae
semispinalis cervicis (colli)	transverse processes of upper v or half-dozen thoracic vertebrae	cervical spinous processes, from centrality to fifth
semispinalis capitis (complexus)	transversal procedure of lower cervical and higher thoracal columna	surface area between superior and junior nuchal line		greater occipital nerve	extends head
multifidus	sacrum, erector spinae aponeurosis, PSIS, and iliac crest	spinous process		posterior branch of spinal nervus	stabilizes vertebrae in local movements of vertebral column
rotatores	transverse procedure			posterior branch
interspinales	barbed process			posterior rami of spinal nerves	extends, flexes, and rotates vertebral column
intertransversarii	transverse process	transverse process higher up			laterally flexes trunk
splenius
capitis	nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T6	mastoid process of temporal bone, occipital bone		C3, C4	extends, rotates, and laterally flexes head
cervicis	spinous processes of T3-T6	transverse processes of C1, C2, C3		C5, C6

Breast [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
intercostals	ribs 1–11	ribs 2–12	intercostal arteries	intercostal fretfulness
external					inhalation	internal
internal	rib – inferior border	rib – superior border			holds ribs steady	external
innermost					elevates ribs
subcostales	inner surface of one rib	inner surface of 2d or third rib in a higher place, virtually its bending
transversus thoracis	costal cartilages of terminal three–4 ribs, body of sternum, xiphoid process	ribs/costal cartilages 2–6			depresses ribs
levatores costarum	transverse processes of C7 to T12 vertebrae	superior surfaces of ribs immediately inferior to preceding vertebrae		dorsal rami – C8, T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6, T7, T8, T9, T10, T11	assists in elevation of thoracic rib cage
Serratus posterior muscles
inferior	vertebrae T11 – L3	inferior borders of 9th through 12th ribs	intercostal arteries	intercostal nerves	depresses lower ribs, aiding in expiration
superior	nuchal ligament (or ligamentum nuchae) and spinous processes of vertebrae C7 through T3	upper borders of 2nd through 5th ribs		2nd through 5th intercostal fretfulness	elevates ribs, aiding in inspiration
diaphragm			pericardiacophrenic artery, musculophrenic artery, junior phrenic arteries	phrenic and lower intercostal fretfulness	breathing

Pelvis [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Antagonist
coccygeus	sacrospinous ligament	coccyx		sacral nerves: S4, S5 or S3-S4	closes back part of pelvic outlet
Levator ani
iliococcygeus	ischial spine, posterior office of tendinous arch of pelvic fascia	coccyx and anococcygeal raphe	inferior gluteal artery	levator ani nerve (S4) junior rectal nerve from pudendal nervus (S3, S4) coccygeal plexus	supports organs in pelvic cavity
pubococcygeus	back surface of pubis, anterior part of obturator fascia	coccyx and sacrum			controls urine menstruation, contracts during orgasm
puborectalis	lower part of pubic symphysis	-		S3, S4. levator ani nerve	inhibits defecation

Perineum [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
Sphincter ani
externus	-	-	junior rectal artery	S4 and twigs from inferior anal nerves of pudendal nerve	keeps anal canal and anus closed, aids in expulsion of carrion
internus	-	-		pudendal nerve
Superficial perineal pouch
transversus perinei superficialis	anterior surface of ischial tuberosity	central point of perineum	perineal avenue	pudendal nerve
bulbospongiosus	perineal raphe	-			empties urethra (men) clenches vagina (women) ||
ischiocavernosus	ischial tuberosity	crus of penis (men) crus of clitoris (women)			assists bulbospongiosus
Deep perineal pouch
transversus perinei profundus	inferior ramus of ischium	its young man of opposite side		pudendal nerve
sphincter urethrae membranaceae	junction of inferior rami of pubis and ischium near one.25 – 2 cm, and from neighboring fascia			perineal branch of pudendal nerve (S2, S3, S4)	constricts urethra, maintains urinary continence

Upper limb [edit]

Vertebral column [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Activity	Antagonist
trapezius	down midline, external occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, medial part of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12	at shoulders, lateral third of clavicle, acromion of scapula, spine of scapula	transverse cervical artery	motor: accessory nerve [CNXI] sensory: cervical nerves C3 and C4	retracts and elevates scapula	serratus anterior
latissimus dorsi	spinous processes of thoracic T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest and inferior 3 or 4 ribs	floor of intertubercular groove of humerus	subscapular avenue, dorsal scapular artery	thoracodorsal nerve	pulls forelimb dorsally and caudally	deltoid, trapezius
rhomboids	nuchal ligaments, barbed processes of C7-T5 vertebrae	medial edge of scapula	dorsal scapular artery	dorsal scapular nerve (C4 and C5)	retracts scapula and rotates information technology to depress glenoid cavity, fixes scapula to thoracic wall	serratus inductive
rhomboid major	spinous processes of T2 to T5 vertebrae	medial border of scapula, inferior to insertion of rhomboid small-scale
rhomboid minor	nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7- to T1 vertebrae	medial border of scapula, superior to insertion of rhomboid major
levator scapulae	posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1 – C4 vertebrae	superior part of medial border of scapula		cervical nerve (C3, C4) and dorsal scapular nerve (C5)	elevates scapula, tilts glenoid cavity inferiorly past rotating scapula

Thoracic walls [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Activeness	Adversary
pectoralis major	clavicular head: anterior surface of medial one-half of clavicle sternocostal head: anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages	intertubercular groove of humerus	pectoral co-operative of thoracoacromial artery	lateral pectoral nerve, medial pectoral nervus clavicular head: C5 and C6 sternocostal head: C7, C8 and T1	adducts and medially rotates humerus, draws scapula anteriorly and inferiorly clavicular head: flexes humerus sternocostal head: extends humerus
pectoralis minor	tertiary to 5th ribs, nigh their costal cartilages	medial edge and superior surface of coracoid process of scapula		medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1)	stabilizes scapula by drawing it inferiorly and anteriorly against thoracic wall
subclavius	first rib	subclavian groove of clavicle	thoracoacromial artery, clavicular branch	subclavian nerve	depresses clavicle
serratus inductive	fleshy slips from outer surface of upper 8 or 9 ribs	costal surface of medial margin of scapula	upper part: lateral thoracic artery lower part:thoracodorsal artery	long thoracic nerve (from roots of brachial plexus C5, C6, C7)	protracts and stabilises scapula, assists in upward rotation	rhomboid major, rhomboid pocket-sized, trapezius

Shoulder [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
deltoid	clavicle, acromion, spine of scapula	deltoid tuberosity of humerus	primarily posterior circumflex humeral avenue	axillary nerve	abducts, flexes, and extends shoulder	latissimus dorsi
teres major	posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula	medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus	subscapular avenue, circumflex scapular artery	lower subscapular nerve (segmental levels C5 and C6)	internally rotates humerus
Rotator cuff
supraspinatus	supraspinous fossa of scapula	superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus	suprascapular artery	suprascapular nerve	abducts and stabilises humerus	infraspinatus, teres minor, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
infraspinatus	infraspinous fossa of scapula	middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus	suprascapular avenue, circumflex scapular artery		laterally rotates, adducts, and stabilises humerus	subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
teres pocket-sized	lateral border of scapula	inferior facet of greater tubercle of humerus	posterior circumflex humeral artery, circumflex scapular artery	axillary nervus	laterally rotates and adducts humerus	subscapularis, pectoralis major, latissimus dorsi
subscapularis	subscapular fossa of scapula	bottom tubercle of humerus	subscapular artery	upper subscapular nervus, lower subscapular nerve (C5, C6)	medially rotates humerus, stabilizes shoulder	infraspinatus, teres minor

Arm [edit]

Anterior compartment [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
coracobrachialis	coracoid process of scapula	medial surface of humerus	brachial artery	musculocutaneous nerve	flexes and adducts shoulder
biceps brachii	brusque head: coracoid process of scapula long head: supraglenoid tubercle	radial tuberosity, bicipital aponeurosis		musculocutaneous nervus (lateral cord: C5, C6, C7)	flexes elbow, supinates forearm	triceps brachii
brachialis	inductive surface of humerus (mainly distal half)	coronoid process of ulna, tuberosity of ulna	radial recurrent artery	musculocutaneous nerve	flexes elbow

Posterior compartment [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
triceps brachii	long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula lateral head: posterior humerus (above radial sulcus) medial caput: posterior humerus - (below radial sulcus)	olecranon of ulna	deep artery of arm	radial nerve	extends forearm long head: adducts shoulder medial head: does non function at shoulder	biceps brachii, brachialis
anconeus	lateral epicondyle of humerus	lateral surface of olecranon, superior part of posterior ulna	deep artery of arm, interosseous recurrent avenue	radial nerve (C7, C8, and T1)	partly blended with triceps, extendsforearm, stabilises elbow, abducts ulna during pronation

Forearm [edit]

Inductive compartment [edit]

Superficial [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Activity	Adversary
pronator teres	humeral head: medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon) ulnar head: coronoid process of ulna	pronator tuberosity of radius	ulnar avenue, radial avenue	median nervus	pronates forearm, flexes elbow	supinator
flexor carpi radialis	medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon)	bases of 2nd metacarpal, base of 3rd metacarpal	radial artery		flexes and abducts wrist	extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus
palmaris longus		palmar aponeurosis	ulnar artery		flexes wrist	extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor carpi ulnaris		pisiform, hook of hamate, base of operations of 5th metacarpal		muscular branches of ulnar nervus	flexes and adducts wrist	extensor carpi ulnaris
flexor digitorum superficialis	medial epicondyle of humerus (common flexor tendon), parts of radius and ulna	bases of eye phalanges 2, 3, iv, and five		median nerve	flexes fingers (primarily at proximal interphalangeal joints)	extensor digitorum

Deep [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Antagonist
pronator quadratus	medial anterior surface of ulna	lateral inductive surface of radius	inductive interosseous artery	inductive interosseous nerve (median nerve)	weakly pronates forearm	supinator
flexor digitorum profundus	ulna	distal phalanges		lateral belly: anterior interosseous nerve (median nerve) medial belly: muscular branches of ulna nerve	flexes wrist, flexes interphalangeal joints	extensor digitorum
flexor pollicis longus	middle half of volar surface of radius, interosseus membrane	base of distal phalanx of thumb		anterior interosseous nervus (median nervus) (C8, T1)	flexes pollex	extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis

Posterior compartment [edit]

Superficial [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
extensor digitorum	lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)	2nd–5th phalanges	posterior interosseous artery	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	extends hand, extends fingers	flexor digitorum superficialis, flexor digitorum profundus
extensor digiti minimi	inductive surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)	extensor expansion, located at base of proximal phalanx on dorsal side			extends pinkie at all joints	flexor digiti minimi brevis
extensor carpi ulnaris	lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon), ulna	5th metacarpal	ulnar artery		extends and adducts wrist	flexor carpi ulnaris
Mobile wad
brachioradialis	lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus	radial styloid procedure (distal radius)	radial recurrent artery	radial nervus	flexes forearm, pronates forearm when supine, supinates forearm when prone
extensor carpi radialis longus		2nd metacarpal	radial artery		extends wrist joint, abducts paw at wrist	flexor carpi radialis
extensor carpi radialis brevis	anterior surface of lateral epicondyle of humerus (common extensor tendon)	base of third metacarpal		posterior interosseus nervus

Deep [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Adversary
supinator	lateral epicondyle of humerus, supinator crest of ulna, radial collateral ligament, annular ligament	lateral proximal shaft of radius	radial recurrent artery	posterior interosseus nerve (C7, C8)	supinates forearm	pronator teres, pronator quadratus
extensor indicis	ulna	index finger (extensor hood)			extends index finger, wrist
Anatomical snuff box
abductor pollicis longus	ulna	offset metacarpal	posterior interosseous avenue	posterior interosseous nerve (C7, C8)	abducts and extends thumb	adductor pollicis
extensor pollicis brevis	radius, interosseous membrane of forearm	proximal phalanx of pollex			extends thumb at metacarpophalangeal joint	flexor pollicis longus, flexor pollicis brevis
extensor pollicis longus	ulna, interosseous membrane of forearm	distal phalanx of thumb			extends pollex (metacarpophalangeal and interphalangeal)

Paw [edit]

Lateral volar [edit]

Thenar [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Antagonist
opponens pollicis	trapezium, transverse carpal ligament	metacarpal bone of thumb on its radial side	superficial palmar arch	median nerve	opposes pollex
flexor pollicis brevis	trapezoid, flexor retinaculum	thumb, proximal phalanx		median nerve, deep branch of ulnar nerve (medial head)	flexes pollex	extensor pollicis longus, extensor pollicis brevis
abductor pollicis brevis	flexor retinaculum of hand, scaphoid and trapezium	radial base of proximal phalanx of thumb and thumb extensors		median nerve	abducts thumb	adductor pollicis
adductor pollicis	transverse head: anterior trunk of third metacarpal oblique head: bases of second and 3rd metacarpals and side by side trapezoid and capitate bones	medial side of base of operations of proximal phalanx of pollex and ulnar sesamoid	deep palmar arch	deep branch of ulnar nervus (T1)	adducts thumb at carpometacarpal joint	abductor pollicis longus, abductor pollicis brevis

Medial volar [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Antagonist
palmaris brevis	flexor retinaculum (medial), palmar aponeurosis	palm	palmar metacarpal artery	superficial branch of ulnar nervus	contraction skin of palm
hypothenar
abductor digiti minimi	pisiform	base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit on ulnar or medial side	ulnar artery	deep branch of ulnar nerve	abducts little finger
flexor digiti minimi brevis	hamate bone	little finger		deep co-operative of ulnar nervus	flexes pinkie	extensor digiti minimi
opponens digiti minimi	claw of hamate, flexor retinaculum	medial border of fifth metacarpal		deep branch of ulnar nerve (C8 and T1)	draws 5th metacarpal anteriorly and rotates it, bringing little finger (5th digit) into opposition with pollex

Intermediate [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
lumbrical	flexor digitorum profundus	extensor expansion	superficial palmar arch, common palmar digital arteries, deep palmar arch, dorsal digital artery	deep co-operative of ulnar nerve, median nervus	flex metacarpophalangeal joints, extend interphalangeal joints
dorsal interossei	metacarpals	proximal phalanges	dorsal metacarpal artery, palmar metacarpal artery	deep co-operative of ulnar nerve	abduct fingers	palmar interossei
palmar interossei			palmar metacarpal artery		adduct fingers	dorsal interossei

Lower limb [edit]

Iliac region [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
iliopsoas	iliac fossa (iliacus), sacrum (iliacus), spine (T12, L1, lumbar vertebra, psoas major, psoas minor)[6]	lesser trochanter of femur (psoas major), shaft below bottom trochanter (iliacus), tendon of psoas major & femur (iliacus)[6]	medial femoral circumflex artery, iliolumbar artery	femoral nerve, lumbar nerves L1, L2	flexes hip (psoas major/minor, iliacus), spine rotation (psoas major/pocket-sized)	gluteus maximus, posterior compartment of thigh
psoas major	transverse processes, bodies and intervertebral discs of T12-L5 vertebrae	lesser trochanter of femur	iliolumbar artery	lumbar plexus via anterior branches of L1, L2, L3[vii]	flexes and rotates laterally thigh	gluteus maximus
psoas minor	side of T11+L1 and IV intervertebral disc	Pectineal line and iliopectineal eminence	iliolumbar avenue, lumbar arteries	L1	weakly flexes body flexor
iliacus	iliac fossa	lesser trochanter of femur	medial femoral circumflex artery, Iliolumbar artery	femoral nervus (L2, L3[7])	flexes hip[eight]

Gluteal [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
tensor fasciae latae	iliac crest	iliotibial tract	primarily lateral circumflex femoral artery, superior gluteal avenue	superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5)	flexes thigh, medially rotates thigh, stabilises torso
gluteal
gluteus maximus	gluteal surface of ilium, lumbar fascia, sacrum, sacrotuberous ligament	gluteal tuberosity of femur, iliotibial tract	superior gluteal artery, inferior gluteal artery	junior gluteal nervus (L5, S1, S2 nerve roots)	externally rotates and extends hip joint, supports extended genu through iliotibial tract, chief antigravity muscle in sitting	Iliacus, psoas major, psoas pocket-size
gluteus medius	gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus maximus	greater trochanter of femur	superior gluteal avenue	superior gluteal nerve (L4, L5, S1 nervus roots)	abduction of hip; preventing adduction of hip Medial rotation of thigh	lateral rotator group
gluteus minimus	gluteal surface of ilium, under gluteus medius
lateral rotator group	at or below acetabulum of ilium	on or most greater trochanter of femur	inferior gluteal artery, lateral sacral artery, superior gluteal avenue	obturator nerve, piriformis nervus, nerve to quadratus femoris	laterally rotates hip	gluteus minimus, gluteus medius
piriformis	sacrum	greater trochanter		piriformis nervus (S1 and S2 nerve roots)[9]	laterally rotates (outward) thigh
obturator externus	obturator foramen and obturatory membrane	medial surface of greater trochanter of femur	obturator avenue	posterior branch of obturator nerve (L3, L4)	adduct thigh, rotate laterally thigh
superior gemellus	ischial spine			nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1, S2)
obturator internus	ischiopubic ramus, obturator membrane	medial surface of greater trochanter of femur			abducts & rotates laterally thigh, stabilises hip during walking
inferior gemellus	ischial tuberosity	obturator internus tendon		nerve to quadratus femoris (L4, L5, S1)	laterally rotates thigh
quadratus femoris		intertrochanteric crest	inferior gluteal avenue

Thigh [edit]

Anterior compartment [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
articularis genus	femur	suprapatellar bursa	femoral artery	femoral nerve	pulls suprapatellar bursa during extension of genu
sartorius	superior to anterior superior iliac spine	medial side of upper tibia in pes anserinus			flexes, laterally rotates, and abducts thigh, flexes and medially rotates leg
quadriceps femoris	combined rectus femoris and vastus muscles	patella and tibial tuberosity via patellar tendon			extends knee, flexes hip (rectus femoris only)	hamstring
rectus femoris	anterior inferior iliac spine and outside surface of bony ridge which forms iliac portion of acetabulum				articulatio genus extension; hip flexion
vastus lateralis	greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, and linea aspera of femur				extends knee
vastus intermedius	anterior surface of femur
vastus medialis	anteromedial surface of femur

Posterior compartment/hamstring [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activeness	Antagonist
hamstring						quadriceps femoris
biceps femoris	long caput: ischial tuberosity short head: linea aspera of femur[x]	head of fibula[10] articulating with back of lateral tibial condyle	inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries, popliteal artery	long head: medial (tibial) part of sciatic nervus short head: lateral (mutual fibular) part of sciatic nervus[10]	flexes articulatio genus, laterally rotates leg at knee joint (when knee is flexed), extends hip joint (long head only)[x]
semitendinosus	ischial tuberosity[10]	pes anserinus	inferior gluteal artery, perforating arteries	sciatic nerve[10] (tibial, L5, S1, S2)	flexes genu, extends hip, medially rotates leg at genu[10]
semimembranosus		medial surface of tibia[10]	profunda femoris, gluteal artery	sciatic nerve[10]

Medial compartment [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
adductor muscles of the hip	pubis	femur, tibia	obturator artery	obturator nervus	adducts hip	gluteus medius, gluteus minimus
gracilis	inferior pubic ramus[11]	tibia (pes anserinus)		inductive branch of obturator nervus[xi]	adducts hip, flexes hip, medially rotates knee[eleven]
pectineus	superior pubic ramus[xi]	bottom trochanter, linea aspera		femoral nerve and obturator nerve (medial compartment)[11]	flexes and adducts hip[11]
adductor brevis	anterior surface of inferior pubic ramus[11]	lesser trochanter and linea aspera of femur		anterior branch of obturator nerve[eleven]	adducts hip[11]
adductor longus	pubic body just beneath pubic crest	centre third of linea aspera			adducts and medially rotates hip[11]
adductor magnus	[11]	femur, adductor tubercle of femur		posterior branch of obturator nerve (adductor) and tibial role of sciatic nerve (vertical head)[11] [12]	adducts hip[11]

Leg [edit]

Anterior compartment [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
tibialis anterior	torso of tibia	medial cuneiform and first metatarsal basic of foot	anterior tibial avenue	deep fibular nerve	dorsiflexes and inverts foot	fibularis longus, gastrocnemius, soleus, plantaris, tibialis posterior
extensor hallucis longus	middle portion of anterior surface of fibula, inductive surface of interosseous membrane	dorsal side of base of distal phalanx of hallux			extends big toe, assists in dorsiflexion of pes at ankle, weakly inverts human foot	flexor hallucis longus, flexor hallucis brevis
extensor digitorum longus	lateral condyle of tibia, superior ¾ of interosseous membrane	middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits			extension of toes and talocrural joint	flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
fibularis tertius	distal anterior surface of fibula	dorsal surface of fifth metatarsal			dorsi flexes and everts foot

Posterior compartment [edit]

Superficial [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Adversary
triceps surae		achilles tendon, calcaneus	posterior tibial avenue	tibial nerve	plantarflexes talocrural joint
gastrocnemius	medial condyle and lateral condyle of femur	calcaneus	sural arteries	tibial nerve from sciatic nerve, specifically, nerve roots S1, S2	plantarflexes ankle, flexes human knee (minor)	tibialis inductive
soleus	fibula, medial border of tibia (soleal line)	tendo calcaneus		tibial nerve, specifically, nerve roots 505–Southward2	plantarflexes ankle
plantaris	lateral supracondylar ridge of femur above lateral head of gastrocnemius	calcaneal tendon (medial side, deep to gastrocnemius tendon)		tibial nerve	plantarflexes talocrural joint, flexes human knee

Deep [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
popliteus	middle facet of lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle	posterior tibia under tibial condyles	popliteal avenue	tibial nervus	medially rotates and flexes knee
tarsal tunnel
flexor hallucis longus	posterior surface of upper 1/3 of fibula	base of distal phalanx of hallux	fibular artery (peroneal branch of posterior tibial artery	tibial nervus, S1, S2 nerve roots	flexes all joints of big toe, plantarflexes talocrural joint	extensor hallucis longus
flexor digitorum longus	medial tibia	distal phalanges of lateral four digits	posterior tibial avenue	tibial nervus	flexes toes	extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
tibialis posterior	tibia, fibula	navicular, medial cuneiform			inverts foot, plantarflexes foot at ankle	tibialis anterior

Lateral compartment [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Activity	Antagonist
fibularis longus	fibula	first metatarsal, medial cuneiform	fibular artery	superficial fibular nervus	plantarflexes and everts ankle	tibialis anterior
fibularis brevis	fibula	fifth metatarsal	fibular artery	superficial fibular nerve	plantarflexes and everts ankle	tibialis posterior

Foot [edit]

Dorsal [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Activeness	Adversary
extensor digitorum brevis	calcaneus	toes		deep fibular nerve	extends digits 2, 3, and 4	flexor digitorum longus, flexor digitorum brevis
extensor hallucis brevis		base of proximal phalanx of big toe		deep fibular nerve	extends big toe	flexor hallucis brevis
dorsal interossei of human foot	metatarsals	proximal phalanges		lateral plantar nerve(4th interosseous space: superficial branch others: deep branch), beginning and 2d interossei: lateral co-operative of deep fibular nerve	abducts toes	plantar interossei

Plantar [edit]

Get-go layer [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Avenue	Nervus	Activity	Antagonist
abductor hallucis	medial procedure of calcaneus, flexor retinaculum, plantar aponeurosis	medial side of base of proximal phalanx of start digit		medial plantar nervus	abducts hallux	adductor hallucis
flexor digitorum brevis	medial process of calcaneus, plantar aponeurosis, intermuscular septa	centre phalanges of digits 2–v			flexes lateral four toes	extensor digitorum longus, extensor digitorum brevis
abductor digiti minimi	plantar aponeurosis	phalanges of 5th toe	lateral plantar avenue	lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)	flexes and abducts fifth toe	flexor digiti minimi brevis

2d layer [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
quadratus plantae	calcaneus	tendons of flexor digitorum longus		lateral plantar nerve (S1, S2)	flexes distal interphalangeal joints (assists flexor digitorum longus)
lumbricals	tendons of flexor digitorum longus	medial surface of extensor expansion of proximal phalanges of lateral four toes	lateral plantar artery, plantar arch, 4 plantar metatarsal arteries	lateral plantar nerve (lateral three lumbricals) and medial plantar nerve (first lumbrical)	maintain extension of digits at interphalangeal joints

3rd layer [edit]

Musculus	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nerve	Action	Antagonist
flexor hallucis brevis	plantar surface of cuneiforms, plantar calcaneocuboid ligament, long plantar ligament	medial head: medial sesamoid os of metatarsophalangeal articulation, proximal phalanx of peachy toe lateral caput: lateral sesamoid bone of metatarsophalangeal joint, proximal phalanx of slap-up toe		medial plantar nerve	flexes big toe	extensor hallucis longus
adductor hallucis	oblique head: proximal ends of middle 3 metatarsals transverse head: metatarsophalangeal joints, ligaments of lateral three toes	lateral side of base of operations of proximal phalanx of big toe, sesamoid		lateral plantar nerve	adducts big toe	abductor hallucis
flexor digiti minimi brevis	fifth metatarsal bone	phalanx of fifth toe		lateral plantar nerve (superficial co-operative)	extends and adducts fifth toe	abductor digiti minimi

4th layer [edit]

Muscle	Origin	Insertion	Artery	Nervus	Action	Antagonist
plantar interossei	tendons of plantar Interossei	proximal phalanges 3-V - muscles cantankerous the metatarsophalangeal joint of toes Three-V and so the insertions correspond with the origin and at that place is no crossing between toes	plantar arch, dorsal metatarsal artery	lateral plantar nerve	adducts toes three - five, strengthens transverse curvation	dorsal interossei
dorsal interossei	metatarsals	proximal phalanges		lateral plantar nerve	abducts toes	plantar interossei

Innervation overview [edit]

Mind Map showing a summary of Upper Limb Muscle Innervation

See besides [edit]

• Accessory muscle
• List of bones of the human skeleton
• List of nerves of the human being body
• Circulatory system
• Blood vessel

References [edit]

1. ^ Science Reference Department (19 November 2019). "What is the strongest muscle in the human body?". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 Usa. Library of Congress. Retrieved 2021-05-01 . {{cite web}}: CS1 maint: url-status (link)
2. ^ Brooks, Susan V. (2003-12-01). "Current topics for education skeletal muscle physiology". Advances in Physiology Instruction. 27 (1–4): 171–182. doi:10.1152/advan.00025.2003. ISSN 1043-4046. PMID 14627615.
3. ^ John., Stewart, Gregory (2009). "Chapter eight: Skeletal muscles". The skeletal and muscular systems. New York: Chelsea Business firm. ISBN9781604133653. OCLC 277118444.
4. ^ de las Peñas, César Fernández; Ge, Hong-Yous; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Dommerholt, Jan; Simons, David G. (2011). "Affiliate 32 - Referred pain from muscle/myofascial trigger points". Neck and Arm Pain Syndromes. Churchill Livingstone. pp. 404–418. doi:10.1016/B978-0-7020-3528-9.00032-seven. ISBN978-0-7020-3528-9.
5. ^ Sarnat, Harvey B.; Carpenter, Stirling (2015). "Chapter 4 - Musculus Biopsy for Diagnosis of Neuromuscular and Metabolic Diseases". Neuromuscular Disorders of Infancy, Childhood, and Adolescence (2nd ed.). Bookish Press. pp. 46–65. ISBN978-0-12-417044-5.
6. ^ ^{a b} "Iliopsoas". exrx.net.
7. ^ ^{a b} Essential Clinical Beefcake. K.Fifty. Moore & A.M. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Folio 193
8. ^ Gosling, J. A., Harris, P. F., Humpherson, J. R., Whitmore I., & Willan P. L. T. 2008. Human being Anatomy Color Atlas and Text Book. Philadelphia: Mosby Elsevier. page 200
9. ^ Essential Clinical Beefcake. One thousand.Fifty. Moore & A.1000. Agur. Lippincott, 2 ed. 2002. Page 217
10. ^ ^{a b c d due east f g h i} Gosling 2008, p. 273
11. ^ ^{a b c d e f g h i j one thousand 50 thou} Gosling et al. 2008, p. 266
12. ^ MedicalMnemonics.com: 255 ^{[ dead link ]}

External links [edit]

• LUMEN's Master Muscle List
• PT Central - Consummate Muscle Tables for the Human being Trunk
• Lower Extremity Musculus Atlas
• Tutorial and quizzes on skeletal muscular anatomy
• Muscles of man body (too hither)
• Beefcake quiz

harmoncorwaseed.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_skeletal_muscles_of_the_human_body

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